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1961    President Kennedy issues Executive Order 10925, prohibiting discrimination in federal government hiring on the basis of race, religion or national origin.

1964    The Civil Rights Act seeks to end discrimination by large private employers on the basis of race and gender whether or not they have government contracts.

1965    The term "affirmative action" is used for the first time, by President Johnson in E.O. 11246, requiring federal contractors to take "affirmative action" to ensure equality of employment. 

1969    President Nixon's "Philadelphia Order" presents "goals and timetables" for reaching equal employment opportunity in construction trades. It is extended in 1970 to non-construction federal contractors.

AT THE PRESENT TIME AFFIRMATIVE ACTION IS STILL A HOT CAMPAIGN ISSUE.

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